Besides writing your own Custom Tags in JSP, you will find that Java EE actually provides a set of Java Standard Tag Library (JSTL) ready for you to use. These built-in tags include repeating (for-loop) tags, if condition tags, variable declaration and output tags etc. The Libraries also come with many utility functions and international message formatting tags. Here is an example how it looks like.
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="x" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>JSTL Examples</h1>
<h2>List of Application Context: ${applicationScope}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${applicationScope}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Session Context: ${sessionScope}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${sessionScope}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Page Context: ${pageScope}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${pageScope}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Request Context: ${requestSope}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${requestSope}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Query Parameters: ${param}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${param}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Header Parameters: ${header}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${header}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<h2>List of Cookies: ${cookie}</h2>
<table>
<c:forEach var="entry" items="${cookie}">
<tr>
<td>${entry.key}</td>
<td>
<c:out value="${entry.value}"/>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>I used the core tag here to display map entries of few implicit variables. You may explore more on those tags declarations I have define on top of the example page from the Spec. These code are from the jsp-example from GitHub.
GLASSFISH NOTE: When deploying above example in GlassFish 3/4, you will run into a NullPointerException and causing the page resulted in error. It turns out that GF server added a internal variable named com.sun.jsp.taglibraryCache in ServletContext (Application Scope) that throws NPE when its toString() is called! To workaround this, I created jstl-example2.jsp
that wraps the ${entry.value} into a custom JSTL function so that it guarantees to return an output without throwing exception. So the lesson learned is that you should always return a String and not throw Exception when overriding
toString() of a Java class. It’s just bad practice.
| Reference: | EE JSP: Generating Dynamic Content with JSTL Tag Libraries from our JCG partner Zemian Deng at the A Programmer’s Journal blog. |
