Difference between @ContextConfiguration and @SpringApplicationConfiguration in Spring Boot Integration Test

Javin PaulFebruary 11th, 2019Last Updated: February 11th, 2019

1 1,237 3 minutes read

Even though both @ContextConfiguration and @SpringApplicationConfiguration annotations are used along withSpringJUnit4ClassRunner to specify how to load the Spring application context, there is a subtle difference between them. Although @ContextConfiguration does a great job in loading application context it doesn’t take full advantage of Spring Boot features. Spring Boot applications are ultimately loaded by either SpringApplication ( in case of the JAR) or SpringBootServletInitializer. This class not only loads the application context but also enables logging and loading of external properties specified in application.properties or application.yml file, and other features of Spring Boot framework, which is not loaded or enabled by the
@ContextConfiguration annotation.

In short, it’s better to use the @SpringApplicatoinConfiguration annotations rather than @ContextConfiguration for writing an integration test for Spring boot application, including a test for web pages or front end of the application.

Now that you know the essential difference between @ContextConfiguration and @SpringApplicationConfiguration annotations while writing Spring boot tests, let’s understand that in a little bit more details with some code samples.

Spring Framework has excellent support for writing Integration test since Spring 2.5 when it introduced SpringJUnit4ClassRunner and the same goes for testing with Spring Boot application. During the Integration test, you also need to load beans and wire them up with dependency.

Of course, you can do that manually but it’s better if Spring handles them for you, which it does. It also offers out-of-the-box features such as component scanning, autowiring, declaration transaction management, security, and caching, which comes handy for testing in a more production-like environment.

Spring Boot -@ContextConfiguration example

Here is a simple Spring integration test with SpringJUnit4ClassRunner and@ContextConfiguration annotation, one of the essential Spring boot annotations for loading application context:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=BookConfiguration.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
 
 
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
 
 
@Test
public void testBookService() {
  Book aBook = bookService.findByTitle("Spring Boot in Action");
  assertEquals("Craig Walls", aBook.getAuthor());
  assertEquals(40, aBook.getPrice());
}
 
}

As you can see, the BookServiceTest class is annotated with both the@RunWith JUnit annotation and @ContextConfiguration annotations.

The @RunWith annotation is required to enable Spring integration testing and that’s why we have passed the SpringJUnit4ClassRunnner class to it, while @ContextConfiguration annotation specifies how to load application context.

In this example, the Spring application context defined in theBookConfiguration class will be loaded.

The SpringJUnit4ClassRunner is a powerful class which not only loads the application context but also autowire beans into the test as well.

For example, in this test class, we needed a BookService to test itsfindByTitle() method and that bean is automatically injected by SpringJUnit4ClassRunner class so we just left with writing our
testBookService() method.

Now, coming back to @ContextConfiguration, even though it helps to load application context, it doesn’t enable logging or loads additional properties from application.properties e.g. server.port property which is required to change the port of embedded tomcat server in spring boot application.

To solve that problem, you can use @SpringApplicaitonCongifguation annotation in place of @ContextConfiguration as shown below:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicaitonCongifguation(classes=BookConfiguration.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
 
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
 
 
@Test
public void testBookService() {
  Book aBook = bookService.findByTitle("Cloud Native Java");
  assertEquals("Josh Long", aBook.getAuthor());
  assertEquals(40, aBook.getPrice());
}
}

This one will behave the same as the previous example but @SpringApplicationConfiguration will also enable Spring boot logging and load additional properties defined in application.properties or application.yml file.

That’s all about the difference between @ContextConfiguration and @SpringApplicationConfiguration annotation in Spring Boot. Even though both used along with SpringJUnit4ClassRunner and help with the loading application context, later is more useful because it also enables logging and other spring Boot features.

It’s always better to use @SpringApplicationConfiguration while writing an integration test for the Spring Boot application to get your test as close to production as possible.

Thanks for reading this article so far. If you like my explanation of@SpringApplicationConfiguration vs @ContextConfiguration annotation then please share with your friends and colleagues. If you have any questions or feedback then please drop a note.

Published on Java Code Geeks with permission by Javin Paul, partner at our JCG program. See the original article here: Difference between @ContextConfiguration and @SpringApplicationConfiguration in Spring Boot Integration Test

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