Enterprise Java

RESTful Web Services with Java

REST stands for REpresentational State Transfer, was first introduced by Roy Fielding in his thesis “Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures” in year 2000.

REST is an architectural style. HTTP is a protocol which contains the set of REST architectural constraints.

REST fundamentals

 
 

  • Everything in REST is considered as a resource.
  • Every resource is identified by an URI.
  • Uses uniform interfaces. Resources are handled using POST, GET, PUT, DELETE operations which are similar to Create, Read, update and Delete(CRUD) operations.
  • Be stateless. Every request is an independent request. Each request from client to server must contain all the information necessary to understand the request.
  • Communications are done via representations. E.g. XML, JSON

RESTful Web Services

RESTful Web Services have embraced by large service providers across the web as an alternative to SOAP based Web Services due to its simplicity. This post will demonstrate how to create a RESTful Web Service and client using Jersey framework which extends JAX-RS API. Examples are done using Eclipse IDE and Java SE 6.

Creating RESTful Web Service

    • In Eclipse, create a new dynamic web project called “RESTfulWS”

Screenshot from 2013-11-07 17-06-05

    • Download Jersey zip bundle from here. Jersey version used in these examples is 1.17.1. Once you unzip it you’ll have a directory called “jersey-archive-1.17.1”. Inside it find the lib directory. Copy following jars from there and paste them inside WEB-INF -> lib folder in your project. Once you’ve done that, add those jars to your project build path as well.
      1. asm-3.1.jar
      2. jersey-client-1.17.1.jar
      3. jersey-core-1.17.1.jar
      4. jersey-server-1.17.1.jar
      5. jersey-servlet-1.17.1.jar
      6. jsr311-api-1.1.1.jar

Screenshot from 2013-11-08 02-54-15

Screenshot from 2013-11-07 17-17-36

    • In your project, inside Java Resources -> src create a new package called “com.eviac.blog.restws”. Inside it create a new java class called “UserInfo”. Also include the given web.xml file inside WEB-INF folder.

UserInfo.java

package com.eviac.blog.restws;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

/**
 * 
 * @author pavithra
 * 
 */

// @Path here defines class level path. Identifies the URI path that 
// a resource class will serve requests for.
@Path("UserInfoService")
public class UserInfo {

 // @GET here defines, this method will method will process HTTP GET
 // requests.
 @GET
 // @Path here defines method level path. Identifies the URI path that a
 // resource class method will serve requests for.
 @Path("/name/{i}")
 // @Produces here defines the media type(s) that the methods
 // of a resource class can produce.
 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_XML)
 // @PathParam injects the value of URI parameter that defined in @Path
 // expression, into the method.
 public String userName(@PathParam("i") String i) {

  String name = i;
  return "<User>" + "<Name>" + name + "</Name>" + "</User>";
 }

 @GET 
 @Path("/age/{j}") 
 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_XML)
 public String userAge(@PathParam("j") int j) {

  int age = j;
  return "<User>" + "<Age>" + age + "</Age>" + "</User>";
 }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">  
  <display-name>RESTfulWS</display-name>  
  <servlet>  
    <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>  
    <servlet-class>com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages</param-name>  
      <param-value>com.eviac.blog.restws</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
  </servlet>  
  <servlet-mapping>  
    <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>  
    <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>  
  </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>
    • To run the project, right click on it and click on run as ->run on server.
    • Execute the following URL in your browser and you’ll see the output.
      http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS/rest/UserInfoService/name/Pavithra

Screenshot from 2013-11-08 02-04-07

output

Screenshot from 2013-11-08 03-09-57

Creating Client

    • Create a package called “com.eviac.blog.restclient”. Inside it create a java class called “UserInfoClient”.

UserInfoClient.java

package com.eviac.blog.restclient;

import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.ClientConfig;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.DefaultClientConfig;

/**
 * 
 * @author pavithra
 * 
 */
public class UserInfoClient {

 public static final String BASE_URI = "http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS";
 public static final String PATH_NAME = "/UserInfoService/name/";
 public static final String PATH_AGE = "/UserInfoService/age/";

 public static void main(String[] args) {

  String name = "Pavithra";
  int age = 25;

  ClientConfig config = new DefaultClientConfig();
  Client client = Client.create(config);
  WebResource resource = client.resource(BASE_URI);

  WebResource nameResource = resource.path("rest").path(PATH_NAME + name);
  System.out.println("Client Response \n"
    + getClientResponse(nameResource));
  System.out.println("Response \n" + getResponse(nameResource) + "\n\n");

  WebResource ageResource = resource.path("rest").path(PATH_AGE + age);
  System.out.println("Client Response \n"
    + getClientResponse(ageResource));
  System.out.println("Response \n" + getResponse(ageResource));
 }

 /**
  * Returns client response.
  * e.g : 
  * GET http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS/rest/UserInfoService/name/Pavithra 
  * returned a response status of 200 OK
  *
  * @param service
  * @return
  */
 private static String getClientResponse(WebResource resource) {
  return resource.accept(MediaType.TEXT_XML).get(ClientResponse.class)
    .toString();
 }

 /**
  * Returns the response as XML
  * e.g : <User><Name>Pavithra</Name></User> 
  * 
  * @param service
  * @return
  */
 private static String getResponse(WebResource resource) {
  return resource.accept(MediaType.TEXT_XML).get(String.class);
 }
}
    • Once you run the client program, you’ll get following output.
Client Response 
GET http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS/rest/UserInfoService/name/Pavithra returned a response status of 200 OK
Response 
<User><Name>Pavithra</Name></User>

Client Response 
GET http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS/rest/UserInfoService/age/25 returned a response status of 200 OK
Response 
<User><Age>25</Age></User>

Enjoy!
 

Reference: RESTful Web Services with Java from our JCG partner Pavithra Siriwardena at the EVIAC blog.
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6 Comments
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Agung Setiawan
10 years ago

Good post, but i think it is better to use Maven to manage the dependencies :)

dev
dev
10 years ago

can you please provide steps for call this web service in adroid client ??

anto
anto
9 years ago

Hello,
Thank your for this tutorial.
i have error 404 when i excute ur l ; http://localhost:8080/RESTfulWS/rest/UserInfoService/name/Pavithra
is it possible to have of your project.
i aso would like to know whether you use a maven project.
cdt

Almet
Almet
9 years ago

Very good example. Do you had an example with @POST or authentication?

Venkata Silla
Venkata Silla
9 years ago

Hi,

Its was a nice article,I’m new to jersey api,Can you please help me with the client code to upload a file io.I need to write a java test client to upload rest service,Service side programming is completed but client side I’m not sure how to implement that.

FYI..Here is my service side rest service
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
//import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import com.sun.jersey.core.header.FormDataContentDisposition;
import com.sun.jersey.multipart.FormDataParam;

//import com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer;
@Path(“/file”)
public class UploadFileService {

@POST
@Path(“/upload”)
@Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
public String uploadFile(
@FormDataParam(“file”) InputStream uploadedInputStream,
@FormDataParam(“file”) FormDataContentDisposition fileDetail) {
}

Venkata Silla
Venkata Silla
9 years ago

Adding to my above comments,How to pass MultiPart request from the client ?I’m not able to identify the client api to pass multiPart data.

FYI..
ClientConfig config = new DefaultClientConfig();
Client client = Client.create(config);
WebResource resource = client.resource(BASE_URL);

MultiPart multiPart = new MultiPart();
multiPart.setMediaType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_TYPE);
FileDataBodyPart fileDataBodyPart = new FileDataBodyPart(“file”, new File(“C://payload/EDIPAYLOAD.txt”), MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM_TYPE);
multiPart.bodyPart(fileDataBodyPart);
Appreciate your help..Thank you so much..

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