This is the second part of the tutorial where we are creating an invoices processing application using Apache Camel. In case you missed it, be sure to look at the first part. Previously we’ve defined functional requirements for the system, created gateway, splitter, filter and content-based router component. Let’s continue with creating a transformer.
5. Transforming invoices to the payments
We’ve successfully filtered out “too expensive” invoices from the system now (they might need manual inspection or so). The important thing is that we can now take an invoice and generate payment from it. First, let’s add Payment class to the banking package:
package com.vrtoonjava.banking;
import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class Payment {
private final String senderAccount;
private final String receiverAccount;
private final BigDecimal dollars;
public Payment(String senderAccount, String receiverAccount, BigDecimal dollars) {
this.senderAccount = senderAccount;
this.receiverAccount = receiverAccount;
this.dollars = dollars;
}
public String getSenderAccount() {
return senderAccount;
}
public String getReceiverAccount() {
return receiverAccount;
}
public BigDecimal getDollars() {
return dollars;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
.add("senderAccount", senderAccount)
.add("receiverAccount", receiverAccount)
.add("dollars", dollars)
.toString();
}
}Because we will have two ways how to create a payment (from local and foreign invoices), let’s define a common contract (interface) for creating payments. Put interface PaymentCreator to the banking package:
package com.vrtoonjava.banking;
import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.Invoice;
/**
* Creates payment for bank from the invoice.
* Real world implementation might do some I/O expensive stuff.
*/
public interface PaymentCreator {
Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException;
}Technically, this is a simple parametrized Factory. Note that it throws PaymentException. We’ll get to the exception handling later, but here’s the code for the simple PaymentException:
package com.vrtoonjava.banking;
public class PaymentException extends Exception {
public PaymentException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}Now we’re good to add two implementations to the invoices package. First, let’s create LocalPaymentCreator class:
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentCreator;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class LocalPaymentCreator implements PaymentCreator {
// hard coded account value for demo purposes
private static final String CURRENT_LOCAL_ACC = "current-local-acc";
@Override
public Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException {
if (null == invoice.getAccount()) {
throw new PaymentException("Account can not be empty when creating local payment!");
}
return new Payment(CURRENT_LOCAL_ACC, invoice.getAccount(), invoice.getDollars());
}
}Another creator will be ForeignPaymentCreator with rather straightforward implementation:
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentCreator;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ForeignPaymentCreator implements PaymentCreator {
// hard coded account value for demo purposes
private static final String CURRENT_IBAN_ACC = "current-iban-acc";
@Override
public Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException {
if (null == invoice.getIban()) {
throw new PaymentException("IBAN mustn't be null when creating foreign payment!");
}
return new Payment(CURRENT_IBAN_ACC, invoice.getIban(), invoice.getDollars());
}
}Those two creators are simple Spring beans, and Apache Camel provides a really nice way of connecting them to the route. We will be creating two transformers by using transform() method on Camel’s Java DSL. We will plug correct transformers to both seda:foreignInvoicesChannel and seda:localInvoicesChannel and make them to forward results to seda:bankingChannel. Add following code to your configure method:
from("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
.transform().method("foreignPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
.to("seda:bankingChannel");
from("seda:localInvoicesChannel")
.transform().method("localPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
.to("seda:bankingChannel");6. Passing payments to the banking service (Service Activator)
Payments are ready and messages containing them are waiting in the seda:bankingChannel. The last step of the flow is to use Service Activator component. The way it works is simple – when a new message appears in a channel, Apache Camel invokes logic specified in a Service Activator component. In other words, we’re connecting external service to our existing messaging infrastructure.
In order to do that we first need to see a contract for the banking service. So put interface BankingService to the banking package (in the real world this would probably reside in some external module):
package com.vrtoonjava.banking;
/**
* Contract for communication with bank.
*/
public interface BankingService {
void pay(Payment payment) throws PaymentException;
}Now we will need an actual implementation of the BankingService. Again, it’s highly unlikely that implementation would reside in our project (it would probably be remotely exposed service), but let’s at least create some mock implementation for the tutorial purposes. Add MockBankingService class to the banking package:
package com.vrtoonjava.banking;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* Mock service that simulates some banking behavior.
* In real world, we might use some web service or a proxy of real service.
*/
@Service
public class MockBankingService implements BankingService {
private final Random rand = new Random();
@Override
public void pay(Payment payment) throws PaymentException {
if (rand.nextDouble() > 0.9) {
throw new PaymentException("Banking services are offline, try again later!");
}
System.out.println("Processing payment " + payment);
}
}Mock implementation creates on some random occasions (~10%) a failure. Of course for the better decoupling we’re not going to use it directly, we will create dependency from our custom component on a contract (interface) instead. Let’s add PaymentProcessor class to the invoices package now:
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.BankingService;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Endpoint that picks Payments from the system and dispatches them to the
* service provided by bank.
*/
@Component
public class PaymentProcessor {
@Autowired
BankingService bankingService;
public void processPayment(Payment payment) throws PaymentException {
bankingService.pay(payment);
}
}Apache Camel provides easy way how to invoke method on arbitrary bean when a message arrives to certain endpoint (EIP describes this as Service Activator) by using bean() method on Camel’s Java DSL:
from("seda:bankingChannel")
.bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");Error handling
One of the biggest challenges of messaging systems is to properly identify and handle error situations. EAI describes plenty of approaches and we will use Camel’s implementation of Dead Letter Channel EIP. Dead Letter Channel is just another channel and we can take proper action when an error message appears in this channel. In the real world applications we would probably go for some retry logic or professional reporting, in our sample tutorial we will just print out the cause of the error. Let’s modify previously defined Service Activator and plug in errorHandler() component. When PaymentProcessor throws an exception, this errorHandler will forward original message that caused an error to Dead Letter Channel:
from("seda:bankingChannel")
.errorHandler(deadLetterChannel("log:failedPayments"))
.bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");Finally, here is the final and complete route:
package com.vrtoonjava.routes;
import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.LowEnoughAmountPredicate;
import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.PaymentProcessor;
import org.apache.camel.LoggingLevel;
import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class InvoicesRouteBuilder extends RouteBuilder {
@Override
public void configure() throws Exception {
from("seda:newInvoicesChannel")
.log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "Invoices processing STARTED")
.split(body())
.to("seda:singleInvoicesChannel");
from("seda:singleInvoicesChannel")
.filter(new LowEnoughAmountPredicate())
.to("seda:filteredInvoicesChannel");
from("seda:filteredInvoicesChannel")
.choice()
.when().simple("${body.isForeign}")
.to("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
.otherwise()
.to("seda:localInvoicesChannel");
from("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
.transform().method("foreignPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
.to("seda:bankingChannel");
from("seda:localInvoicesChannel")
.transform().method("localPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
.to("seda:bankingChannel");
from("seda:bankingChannel")
.errorHandler(deadLetterChannel("log:failedPayments"))
.bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");
}
}Running the whole thing
We’ll create a job now that will (at fixed rate) send new invoices to the system. It is only a standard Spring bean that utilizes Spring’s @Scheduled annotation. So let’s add a new class – InvoicesJob to the project:
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import org.apache.camel.Produce;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class InvoicesJob {
private int limit = 10; // default value, configurable
@Autowired
InvoiceCollectorGateway invoiceCollector;
@Autowired
InvoiceGenerator invoiceGenerator;
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 4000)
public void scheduleInvoicesHandling() {
Collection<Invoice> invoices = generateInvoices(limit);
System.out.println("\n===========> Sending " + invoices.size() + " invoices to the system");
invoiceCollector.collectInvoices(invoices);
}
// configurable from Injector
public void setLimit(int limit) {
this.limit = limit;
}
private Collection<Invoice> generateInvoices(int limit) {
List<Invoice> invoices = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
invoices.add(invoiceGenerator.nextInvoice());
}
return invoices;
}
}Job invokes (every 4 seconds) InvoicesGenerator and forwards invoices to the Gateway (first component we read about). To make it work we also need InvoicesGenerator class:
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* Utility class for generating invoices.
*/
@Component
public class InvoiceGenerator {
private Random rand = new Random();
public Invoice nextInvoice() {
return new Invoice(rand.nextBoolean() ? iban() : null, address(), account(), dollars());
}
private BigDecimal dollars() {
return new BigDecimal(1 + rand.nextInt(20_000));
}
private String account() {
return "test-account " + rand.nextInt(1000) + 1000;
}
private String address() {
return "Test Street " + rand.nextInt(100) + 1;
}
private String iban() {
return "test-iban-" + rand.nextInt(1000) + 1000;
}
}This is only a simple mock facility that’ll allow us to see the system working. In the real world we wouldn’t use any generator but probably some exposed service instead.
Now under resources folder create a new spring config file – invoices-context.xml and declare component scanning and task scheduling support:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:task = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<import resource = "camel-config.xml" />
<context:component-scan base-package = "com.vrtoonjava" />
<task:executor id = "executor" pool-size="10" />
<task:scheduler id = "scheduler" pool-size="10" />
<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" scheduler="scheduler" />
</beans>To see the whole thing running we need one more last piece – standard Java main application where we will create Spring’s ApplicationContext.
package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* Entry point of the application.
* Creates Spring context, lets Spring to schedule job and use schema.
*/
public class InvoicesApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/invoices-context.xml");
}
}Simply run mvn clean install from command line and launch the main method in InvoicesApplication class. You should be able to see similar output:
===========> Sending 10 invoices to the system
13:48:54.347 INFO [Camel (camel-1) thread #0 - seda://newInvoicesChannel][route1] Invoices processing STARTED
Amount of $4201 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $15110 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $17165 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $1193 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $6077 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $17164 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $11272 can not be automatically processed by system
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-local-acc, receiverAccount=test-account 1901000, dollars=4201}
Amount of $3598 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $14449 can not be automatically processed by system
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-local-acc, receiverAccount=test-account 8911000, dollars=1193}
Amount of $12486 can not be automatically processed by system
13:48:54.365 INFO [Camel (camel-1) thread #5 - seda://bankingChannel][failedPayments] Exchange[ExchangePattern: InOnly, BodyType: com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment, Body: Payment{senderAccount=current-iban-acc, receiverAccount=test-iban-7451000, dollars=6077}]
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-iban-acc, receiverAccount=test-iban-6201000, dollars=3598}
